Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Are These Not Also Men Essays - Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas

Are These Not Also Men? Are These Not Also Men? In 1511, Fray Antonio Montesinos spoke the words, Are these not also men? His famous quote was a response to the mistreatment of the indigenous peoples that inhabited the Americas, by the conquering Spanish. Immediately upon discovering and colonizing the New World a widespread debate arose in regards to the usage and treatment of the native Indians. This debate was primarily focused on how to classify the Indians. Many people believed that the Indians were not human at all and should be allowed to be treated merely as slaves. The opposing side, the church, argued back that the Indians, no matter how seemingly uncivilized they lived, were humans. A major argument resulted and the question as to how a human being is classified as being a human became a fiery debate among many. The Spanish conquerors believed that, like animals, the Indians did not have rational souls, or the ability to reason. Also, in conjunction, the Conquerors used the views of a medieval Dominican named Thomas Aquinas as justification for their reasoning. Aquinas once stated that a rational soul was determined by the ability to become a Christian. Those not capable were considered to be brute animals. The Indians were often compared to parrots, or horses in the way they lived their lives. The conquerors needed the indigenous people to be considered less than human because if they were considered animals, forms of forced labor with out time off for religious learning could be used. An example was the encomienda. The Churchs point of view was that in order to have and maintain power in the New World they would need the numbers of the Indians to be included in their community as followers. Patricia Seed, the author of this journal offers her line of thinking. It is that both sides of the debate were trying to monopolize the Indians for their own benefits. The Spaniards, to become more prosperous themselves and the Church, to strengthen there own political base in the New World. She argues that neither side was fully justified and underhanded motives had much to do with each sides actions. (Seed, 640) The church, in an attempt to end the debate, sought the opinion of the pope himself and in 1537 Pope Paul III issued an official statement regarding the Indians. We....consider, however, that the Indians are truly men and that they are...capable of understanding the catholic faith. The Spanish Crown, agreed with the Popes statement. Queen Isabella used this to Spains advantage when she declared that all the indigenous peoples conquered in Spanish territory were subjects to Spain. Seed suggests that this formed the keystone to Spains political control of the natives.(Seed 645) This new system had two main goals. The first was to further spread Christianity by converting the Indians and teaching the ways of Christianity. The second was vassalage, forced duty of obedience to the Spanish State. In all the debates and controversy to whether or not the Indians were humans who were capable of grasping the fundamentals of Christianity, a major point was overlooked. This was the idea that maybe the Indians were in fact capable of becoming Christians, but really didnt have any desire to. Automatically, if an Indian didnt show signs of grasping the ideas of our religion, they were thought of as stupid and in many cases not even human. No one ever really stopped to think of the possibility that they were content with their own beliefs and didnt want to have a strange and foreign idea forced upon them. In response to this journal, I agree with Seeds argument, in that, although both sides had their opinions, neither side was justified in their arguments. This is true because both sides were only looking at the situation form their own point of view, and never considered the thoughts of the Indians. Still today, there is much controversy as to the rights of the few indigenous cultures that still exist today. The social and political problems that existed hundreds of years ago still exist today and never will be truly fixed until we, as an entire society, decide to let others live as they

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Finding Scholarly Journal Articles for Research

Finding Scholarly Journal Articles for Research Your professor may tell you that you’re required to use journal articles for your research paper. You read articles all the time in magazines- but you know that’s not the sort of article your professor is looking for. Scholarly articles are reports written by professional people who specialize in specific fields, like Caribbean history, British literature, underwater archaeology, and educational psychology. These reports are often published in hardbound periodical journals, which look much like encyclopedias. You’ll find a section of your library dedicated to journal collections. How to Find a Journal Article There is a difference between finding articles that exist and actually putting your hands on an article that you discover through a search. First, you find articles that exist. Then you figure out how to get access to them. You can find articles that exist by using a search engine. Through a search, you will find names and descriptions of articles out there in the world of academia. There will be special search engines loaded onto your library’s computers that generate article lists, based on your search criteria. If you are at home, you can use Google Scholar to search. To use Google Scholar, enter your topic and the word â€Å"journal† in the search box. (You enter the word journal to avoid getting books.) Example: Enter â€Å"squid beaks† and â€Å"journal† in the Google Scholar box and you will generate a list of journal articles that have something to do with squid beaks from: International Journal of ZoologyJournal of Field Ornithology Antarctic ScienceCanadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic ScienceMarine Mammal Science Once you have identified articles with a search, you may or may not be able to access the actual text online. If you are in a library, you will have better luck at this: you’ll be able to access articles that you can’t access at home because libraries have special access that individuals don’t. To make your life easier, ask a reference librarian for help getting to a full-text journal article online. Once you access the article online, print it out and take it home with you. Make sure you note enough information to cite the article. Finding Articles on the Shelves If the article is not available online, you may find that is published in a bound journal that is located on the shelves of your library (your library will have a list of journals it holds). When this happens, you simply find the right volume on the shelf and go to the correct page. Most researchers like to photocopy the entire article, but you might be happy just taking notes. Be sure to record page numbers and other information you’ll need for citations. Accessing Articles via Interlibrary Loans Your library may hold a number of bound journals, but no library contains every journal published. Libraries buy subscriptions to articles that they think their visitors will be most interested in finding. The good news is that you can request a printed copy of any article through a process called the interlibrary loan. If you discover an article that exists only in printed form, but it’s not in your own library, you’re still OK. A library official will help you by contacting another library and ordering a copy. This process takes a week or so, but it is a lifesaver!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Request for proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Request for proposal - Essay Example The faculty of engineering for time now in Cleveland University is a tool that has for seen many students come out to emerge as challenging and experts in these fields. Computer and electrical engineering has imposed more technological heighten and with it several of the fields of study are improving in machine orientation. Fields of business, medical, survey, planning, architecture among others relies on electronic competence to accomplish and abridge their work. Still today many engineering students are Specific aims Computer and electrical engineering are faculties that are proving to be the backbone of the technological innovations. Still there are many challenges behind the teaching of the faculty courses in offering what is really required of the program to have. Propose for the research in Cleveland university is to have: 1. Equipped laboratory with modern machined and tools to help in teaching. More of the laboratory to be added are Digital system research laboratory Digital communication research laboratory Software engineering research laboratory 2. ... Background and significance of research problem Engineering is defined as design application of theoretical principles and engineering experience to the practical solution to technical problems. Engineering in Cleveland state university is a faculty that has been prosperous in both the theory teaching and practical and this has made is possible to offer up to doctorate level in academics. The program includes required courses and an integration selection courses in the student field of interest which are communication system, computer systems, control and power and power systems. Modeling the engineering field will help the student come out with a lot of experience. Since the university has an internal workshop for students and also a research for masters and PhD students, there have been more setbacks in machine orientation and layout but with the addition of this then definitely there will be bulk in terms of equipping students. The aim and the objective of the university is to mou ld competent engineers in their respective faculty. Iam concerned with this research because it is aiming at educating students and making them ready to face the real world with confidence. Student develop their interest and motivational skills when they are shown the way and how things are done and this is a better way of ensuring that students are thought how to think but not what to think. It's obvious that most have a sense of community, but the question then becomes how to help them transfer some of that sense of community to what we consider to be "learning". Pardon the quotes around those, but I'm appropriate more persuaded on our curriculum does not have as outsized effect on what the students are learning as we suppose. Our school aspiration for the year is â€Å"Focus